Head And Neck Cancer Surgery

Understanding Head And Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer is a broad term for cancers that originate in the head and neck area, specifically encompassing sites like the sinuses, nose, mouth, throat, and salivary glands.. Because this area is critical for breathing, swallowing and speaking, even small tumours can have a significant impact on quality of life.

  • Scope of disease: From early mucosal lesions in the oral cavity to advanced skin cancers around the ear and jaw, each presentation of cancer in the head and neck area demands an individual approach.
  • Terminology: You may hear “neck cancer” and “head and neck cancer” used interchangeably. Both refer to tumours in this region, but specific subsites (e.g., thyroid versus oropharynx) have their own treatment pathways.
  • Skin involvement: Melanoma and non‑melanoma skin cancers can invade underlying structures and often require collaboration between skin cancer specialists and head and neck surgeons.

 

Find out more about the conditions we treat.

Head And Neck Cancer at Complete ENT

Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Neck Cancers

A precise diagnosis is the foundation of effective care:

  1. Physical assessment by our head and neck surgeons, including endoscopic examination of the mucosal surfaces.
  2. Imaging studies (CT, MRI or PET) to map the extent of disease and identify lymph node involvement.
  3. Biopsy to establish tumour type and guide treatment planning.

 

Head and neck cancer treatments may include one or more modalities:

  • Surgery led by our fellowship‑trained head and neck surgeons.
  • Radiation therapy, delivered in collaboration with specialist oncologists.
  • Chemotherapy, where indicated, under the care of our medical oncology partners.
  • Reconstructive surgery, often employing microvascular free flaps, to restore form and function after tumour removal.

 

We work closely with local centres of excellence, such as the multidisciplinary teams at Cairns Private Hospital, Princess Alexandra Hospital and Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital. This collaborative approach is to ensure you receive the most up‑to‑date and comprehensive head and neck cancer medical procedures available.

Surgical Treatment For Head And Neck Cancer

Our surgeons perform a full spectrum of surgical procedures:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery: such as transoral laser microsurgery or transoral robotic surgery for a faster recovery time, fewer complications and preserving healthy tissue.
  • Open Resection: for larger or deep-seated tumours.
  • Neck Dissection: to remove lymph nodes at risk of harbouring cancer cells.

 

Every operation is planned with two goals in mind:

  1. Complete removal of the tumour and cancerous tissue along safe margins.
  2. Preservation of vital functions such as speech, swallowing and facial movement, wherever possible.
Treatment For Head And Neck Cancer

Pre‑Surgery Considerations for Head or Neck Surgery

Prior to surgery, we review:

  • Tumour type, location and stage: These determine how much tissue needs to be removed and whether surrounding structures or lymph nodes are involved.
  • Your overall health: This includes a general medical review and often a dental assessment to reduce the risk of complications such as infection or delayed healing after surgery.
  • Lifestyle and risk factors: Smoking status, nutritional wellbeing and other personal health factors are addressed to help you recover better and reduce the chance of side effects.

 

Our surgeons discuss every aspect in detail, ensuring you understand the benefits, potential risks and the steps we’ll take to minimise them.

Reconstructive Surgery and Recovery

When head and neck cancer surgery alters appearance or function, reconstructive surgery may be important to rebuild the area. This is often done by one of the following techniques:

  • Free flap: completely detached or “free” tissue, such as skin, muscle, bone or combinations from the leg or arm, is transplanted to the reconstructing zone, with blood vessels reconnected via microsurgery.
  • Regional flap: reshapes smaller defects with tissue near the surgical site.

Cancer often travels via lymphatic channels in the neck.

  • Selective neck dissection: removes nodes at highest risk while preserving function.
  • Reconstruction after node removal: may be required if adjacent tissues are affected.


Removing involved lymph nodes is critical for preventing recurrence and improving survival. Depending on the circumstances, radiation therapy may occasionally be employed to treat lymph nodes.

Types Of Head And Neck Cancer

Types Of Head And Neck Cancer

Oral Cavity Cancers

Head and neck cancers arising in the oral cavity most commonly present as squamous cell carcinomas of the lips, tongue, gums, floor of the mouth and hard palate. Even a small ulcer or firm mass in these areas can affect speech and swallowing. Our head and neck cancer specialists employ thorough clinical examination, endoscopic assessment and imaging to establish the precise extent of disease.

Our surgical approach balances complete tumour removal with preservation of healthy tissue and function. When necessary, we integrate reconstructive techniques to restore appearance and oral competence.

Cancers of the pharynx, encompassing nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal subsites, require careful evaluation due to their proximity to critical airway and swallowing structures. The pharynx includes the tonsils, base of the tongue and soft palate. Oropharyngeal cancers or tumours, driven by human papillomavirus, often behave differently from their non‑viral counterparts.

Our multidisciplinary team tailors treatment accordingly, combining precision surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy when indicated. Whether addressing nasopharyngeal carcinomas or hypopharyngeal lesions, our goal is to control disease while supporting breathing, swallowing and speech.

The larynx, or voice box, plays a central role in voice production. When tumours arise on or around the vocal cords, it demands specialised expertise. Complete ENT’s surgeons utilise advanced laser microsurgery and minimally invasive techniques to remove glottic, supraglottic or subglottic lesions, striving to preserve as much healthy laryngeal tissue as possible. Our specialist voice box surgeons (Laryngologists) also work closely with expert radiation therapists to optimise radiation therapy where needed. In cases requiring head and neck cancer laryngectomy, our reconstructive team works together to optimise voice rehabilitation and swallowing function, ensuring that patients maintain their ability to communicate and eat.

Malignancies of the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses often present with symptoms resembling chronic sinusitis, making early detection challenging. Our head and neck oncologists employ endoscopic evaluation and high‑resolution imaging to distinguish benign inflammation from tumours such as squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or esthesioneuroblastoma.

The surgery will be planned to achieve clear margins while preserving adjacent structures. It is important to partner with radiation oncology services to deliver targeted postoperative therapy when required.

Tumours of the parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands and minor salivary glands range from benign pleomorphic adenomas to aggressive malignancies like mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinoma.

At Complete ENT, we prioritise meticulous dissection to protect facial nerve function without compromising oncological safety. Our surgeons collaborate closely with reconstructive specialists to address any defects and support a swift return to normal facial movement and expression.

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma can all arise on the skin of the face, scalp and neck. These cancers may invade deeper tissues and lymph nodes, requiring excision with appropriate margins and sometimes lymphatic assessment.

Surgeons at Complete ENT have subspecialised in precise excision and individualised reconstruction of skin cancers of the head and neck. They also work in concert with dermatologic surgeons to coordinate Mohs micrographic surgery or wider resections, followed by tailored reconstruction to minimise scarring and functional impairment.

Although thyroid malignancies originate in the endocrine system, their location in the neck places them within the scope of our expertise. From the most common papillary carcinoma to rarer medullary or anaplastic variants, Complete ENT offers comprehensive thyroidectomy services, with careful nerve monitoring to preserve voice and parathyroid function.

We also facilitate postoperative radioactive iodine treatment and long‑term surveillance in collaboration with endocrinology colleagues

In addition to the common subsites, Complete ENT has the expertise to assist in those less frequent head and neck neoplasms, including lymphomas, sarcomas and skull base tumours.

Each of these requires specialist planning by our experienced multidisciplinary team. Every patient receives a treatment strategy designed for their specific tumour biology.

What Are Common Head And Neck Cancer Symptoms?

We know that the following signs can be distressing, but you don’t have to face them alone. At Complete ENT, our team are committed to listening to you, explaining every step in clear terms and guiding you toward the most appropriate care with compassion and confidence.

If any of these symptoms last more than three weeks or cause you concern, please reach out to your GP for a diagnosis. If you need our specialised advice, we’re here to help you move forward with certainty and support.

Learn more about our Consultations Process.

Common Head And Neck Cancer Symptoms

Neck Lumps and Swelling

One of the earliest signs can be a painless lump or swelling in the neck or under the jaw. Although it may not respond to antibiotics or go away on its own, it’s important to discuss any persistent lump with your GP or an ENT specialist so it can be investigated thoroughly.

Changes inside the mouth or throat can also signal a need for evaluation. If you notice a sore or ulcer that doesn’t heal within a couple of weeks, new white or red patches on the gums, tongue or inner cheek, or unexplained bleeding, please bring this to your GP or ENT’s attention.

We will use endoscopy and advanced imaging to arrive at a clear diagnosis.

A persistently croaky or hoarse voice lasting more than three weeks, a chronic sore throat or discomfort when swallowing may signal changes in the larynx or pharynx. Ear pain without an obvious infection can sometimes be referred pain from a throat lesion.

If this occurs, we encourage you to have it evaluated promptly. Early assessment helps treatment get under way, so you can maintain the best possible voice, swallowing and breathing function.

If you experience ongoing nasal congestion, nosebleeds or discharge that won’t improve like ordinary sinusitis, please consider a specialist review. Tumours in the nasal cavity or sinuses can mimic common sinus complaints. Our ENT team uses endoscopic techniques and high‑resolution scans to distinguish benign conditions from those requiring urgent care.

Lumps in the salivary gland region or a thyroid nodule that moves with swallowing may warrant closer attention. Even when these grow slowly, understanding their nature early on will allow us to plan surgery or other therapies with the smallest possible disruption to your daily life.

Head And Neck Cancer Specialists Brisbane & Cairns

Complete ENT offers comprehensive care for head and neck cancer surgery, encompassing the treatment plan, the surgery itself and post-operative management. The practice boasts a team of highly trained ENT surgeons with subspecialty expertise and advanced training in head and neck surgical oncology.

Several surgeons at Complete ENT are active members of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) in the private hospital sector (including Cairns Private Hospital) as well as in major hospitals such as the Princess Alexandra Hospital and the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital. This collaboration of doctors, ENT specialists and allied health professionals forms a knowledgeable treatment team who will ensure you receive expert care throughout with access to surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists and other specialists.

Learn more about Complete ENT’s team.

Discuss Your Options with a Head and Neck Cancer Surgeon at Complete ENT

Head And Neck Cancer Specialists Brisbane & Cairns

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07 3905 5999